By Janet
Klug
Penrhyn is the northernmost and largest of the 15
islands within the Cook Islands range. In common with the other islands in the
Cook group, Penrhyn’s small population is primarily of Polynesian heritage.
The island got its name from the Lady Penrhyn, a British ship built in 1786 as a slaver, but whose
first voyage transported convicts to New South Wales. The ship landed on
Penrhyn in 1788 after leaving the prisoners in Australia.
The Polynesian name for the island is Tongareva,
roughly translating to “south of the empty space,” and there certainly is not
much land to be found north of Penrhyn for many, many nautical miles.
Technically, Penrhyn is an atoll. Forty-eight miles of
coral in a thin circle make up the habitable surface of the island. Within the
circle is a large lagoon, with one small village, Omoka, on the west side, and
another small village, Te Tautua, on the east side.
From 1888 to 1900, all of the Cook Islands were
British protectorates. In 1900, the Cook Islands were annexed to New Zealand at
the islands’ request, and New Zealand became responsible for the administration
of the Cook Islands, including postal services and postage stamps.
New Zealand began surcharging some of its own postage
stamps to be used specifically on Penrhyn Island. The first of the surcharges
(“PENRHYN ISLAND” and denominations in “peni”) were issued May 5, 1902. The New
Zealand stamps that were overprinted were the ½-penny Mount Cook (Scott 170),
the 1d Penny Universal (99), the 2½d Wakatipu (73), the 3d Huica birds (75),
the 6d Kiwi (78), and the 1-shilling Kea and Kaka birds (81).
In consideration of the low population of Penrhyn
Island, the dispatch of the surcharged stamps to Penrhyn was limited to fewer
than 5,000 in each denomination.
An interesting aspect of these surcharged stamps is
that not only are there varieties of some of the New Zealand stamps that were
used, but there also are varieties within some of the surcharges.
Collecting these early Penrhyn Island stamps requires
careful examination of the New Zealand stamps, as well as checking watermarks
and the gauges of perforations.
For example, Penrhyn Island Scott 1 (shown nearby),
the surcharged ½d Mount Cook stamp, has a watermark that is described as
“Double-lined N Z and Star” (Watermark 63) in the Scott Classic Specialized Catalogue of Stamps and Covers. The overprint on this stamp is carmine.
Penrhyn Island Scott 5 also has the ½d Mount Cook
image, but it is a different New Zealand stamp, with what Scott calls a “N Z
and Star Close Together” watermark (Watermark 61).
The surcharge was printed in vermilion on this stamp,
but it can be difficult to discern the difference between the carmine and the
vermilion printings. The best way to properly identify the difference between
Penrhyn Island Scott 1 and Scott 5 is to check the watermarks.
Finding all the surcharge varieties on these stamps is
a challenge. Most involve the lack of a period after the words “ISLAND” or
“PENI” within the overprint. The different colors of the surcharges and
printing varieties can be hard to find, but the missing periods are easy to
spot.
Keep a lookout for the lack of periods, because stamps
without them have significantly more value than those with the proper
punctuation.
The Penrhyn surcharge on the 2½d Wakatipu stamp has
two different Scott numbers: Scott 8 and 9. Scott 8, with a carmine surcharge,
is shown here. Scott 9 has a vermilion surcharge, once again causing difficulty
in differentiating it from carmine.
To make life a little easier for collectors, these
stamps have no watermark, so the missing punctuation at the end of “ISLAND” or
“PENI” is what requires investigation.
In 1914, three denominations of the New Zealand King
Edward VII stamp were surcharged for use in Penrhyn.
The denominations were ½d (Scott 130), 6d (137) and 1
shilling (139). These stamps also have missing-punctuation varieties that add
to their value. Pictured nearby is a Penrhyn Island ½d King Edward VII
surcharge (Scott 13).
In 1917, eight denominations of New Zealand’s King
George V stamps received overprints for use in Penrhyn Island. The country-name
overprint on the ½d stamp (Scott 17) is illustrated here. Notice that with this
issue of overprinted stamps there is no surcharge: the denomination in New
Zealand currency printed on each stamp is left as is.
In 1920, six beautiful bicolor common-design stamps
were issued for several of the Cook Islands. The stamps show local scenes of
some of the Cook Islands and its namesake, Capt. James Cook. The stamps were
engraved and printed by Perkins, Bacon & Co. in London.
Rarotonga, the main island within the Cook Islands
group, received stamps inscribed with its name (Cook Islands 61-66). The same
images in different colors were used on stamps inscribed for Aitutaki, Niue and
Penrhyn Island.
Shown nearby is the Penrhyn Island ½d stamp depicting
the landing of Captain Cook (Scott 25).
Three additional common-design stamps were issued for
Cook Islands entities in the 1920s, including Penrhyn Island. On March 15,
1932, stamps inscribed Cook Islands were used in all of the Cook Islands.
In 1973, Cook Islands stamps were overprinted with the
inscription “Penrhyn/Northern/Cook Islands” (the example shown here is Scott
35). In the following year, new definitive stamps were issued for Penrhyn
Island.
The last stamp pictured is the $2 denomination from
1974 that has an aerial view of Penrhyn atoll, with its ring of coral and
lagoon in the center (62).
Since then, Penrhyn has issued many beautiful stamps,
most of which have island themes. It is not so difficult to complete a collection
of Penrhyn Island stamps, including the early, more expensive ones as well as
the later Penrhyn Northern Cook Islands stamps.
Source: Linn’s Stamp News
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